Abstract
BACKGROUND: Phthalates are chemical agents used to improve the plasticity of plastic products. Their ubiquitous use in various commercial products results in extensive exposure to humans. Toxicological studies have linked phthalate exposure to developmental and reproductive toxicity, presenting potential health risks. This study investigated the general population on their knowledge and hazard perception of phthalate exposure. The assessment determined if changes in policies or guidelines are needed to minimize potential health impacts from improper plastics handling. METHODS: Awareness of phthalates in the general population was measured through a self-administered online survey distributed on various subreddits and Facebook survey exchange groups. The survey was created using SurveyMonkey that consists of 14 knowledge, practice, and attitude (KAP) questions regarding phthalates in purchased plastic products. The survey was open for two weeks, and Chi-square statistical tests were conducted using NCSS to analyze the data. RESULTS: Among 188 participants, 55.61% were male, and 40.64% were female. Most participants were between 18-24 years of age and had post-secondary or higher education. The study found that older and more educated participants were more aware of potential health risks from phthalate exposure (p = 0.0031, p = 0.0054). Gender did not affect phthalate awareness (p = 0.6398). Participants with background knowledge of plastic chemicals were more concerned and aware of phthalates (p = 0.0000), were less likely to microwave their food in plastic containers or wraps (p = 0.0040), and had a higher perception of health risks regarding phthalates (p = 0.0000). Participants who frequently purchased plastic products were not more aware of phthalates and their risks (p = 0.6507, p = 0.2033). Many participants with knowledge of plastic chemicals did not know of phthalate health effects (p = 0.2584). CONCLUSION: The results indicated that participants who heard of phthalates were moderately aware of its potential health risks. Many participants had a poor knowledge of phthalates as awareness did not increase with more plastic purchases. Although participants with background knowledge of plastic chemicals were more aware of phthalates, there seemed to be a lack of concern when heating food in plastic wraps or containers. The study identified the need for education and accessible information to improve consumer's plastic handling practices. Information could be incorporated by organizations, government agencies, and manufacturers to help educate the public and improve their awareness.